Domain Names And Domain Name System – DNS

The primary purpose of domain names and Internet domain name system (DNS) is to translate the IP addresses of each network in active mode to terms memorable and easy to find. This abstraction allows any service (network) can move from one geographical location to another on the internet, although that will change involve a different IP address.

The network identification associated with a group of devices or computers connected to the internet is called an Internet Domain. Without the help of domain name system, Internet users have to access each Web service using the IP address of the node (e.g. http://74.125.45.100 would be necessary to use instead of http://google.com).

Top-Level Domains

When creating the Domain Name System in the 80s, the namespace is divided into two groups. The first includes the domains, based on the two identifying characteristics of each territory according to the abbreviations of ISO-3166. (E.g., *. do, *. x) and is called ccTLD (Top Level Domain country code or Country Code Top Level Domain), the latter include a group of seven generic TLDs (gTLDs) representing a series of names and multi-organizations: GOV, EDU COM, MIL, ORG, NET and INT.

Based domains ccTLDs are administered by nonprofit organizations in each country, I delegated by IANA ICANN for the administration of ccTLDs.

The growth of the Internet has led to the creation of new gTLDs. In June 2009, there are 20 gTLDs and 248 ccTLDs.

Examples of domain names:
*. Is for services in Spain.
*. Cat for the Catalan language services
*. Eu, the European region
*. Cr, for services in Costa Rica
*. Or, for services in Nicaragua
*. Ru, for Russia services
*. Fr for France services
*. Do, for services Dominican Republic
*. Gt, for services in Guatemala
*. Mx for Mexico service
*. Cl, for services in Chile
*. Co for services in Colombia
*. Cn for China services
*. Ar for Argentina services
*. Bo, for services in Bolivia
*. Ec, for services in Ecuador
*. Py for services in Paraguay
*. See, for services in Venezuela
*. Edu for education services
*. Gov and .Gov for Government and Public Entities
*. Info for Information
*. Int, for international entities, organizations like the UN
*. Jobs to Department of Employment and human resources in companies
*. Billion for the Department of Defense United States (only country with top-level domain for the army)
*. Mobi, for mobile phone companies and mobile services.
*. Museum, for Museums
*. Name, for names of people
*. Net for network infrastructure
*. Org for organizations
*. Eg for Peru pages
*. Pro, for professionals with a university degree.
*. Tel, for Internet communication services
*. Travel, for pages of travel and tourism industry.
*. Fm, for the country pages Federated States of Micronesia, but also used for radio station FM
*. Tv for Tuvalu country pages, but also used for television stations
*. Tk, for Tokelau country pages, but are also used as their own domain and server (”autonomous”). Can now be obtained free of charge.

Organizations Related To Internet Domains:

IANA

IANA is the Authority for Assigned Numbers (from English: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), responsible for overall coordination of the DNS Root protocols, IP addressing and other resources of the Internet Protocol.

ICANN and the official allocation

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and numbers of domains (from English: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) is a nonprofit organization that operates at the level of address space assigned numeric Internet Protocol (IP), identifiers of the management protocol and root server system. Although originally performed these services are Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and other entities under contract with the U.S. government, currently the responsibility of ICANN.

LatinoamerICANN

LatinoamerICANN is an organization for the dissemination of information and dialogue on issues of Domain Names, IP numbers and Internet Governance Government or in Latin America and the Caribbean. Its mission also is to place information in Spanish, Portuguese and French for all, considering that the information in the languages of the region is still an element to understand the phenomena of the Internet, from a regional perspective in the global context.

LACLTD

LACTLD is a nonprofit organization that seeks to bring together administrators of ccTLDs in Latin America and the Caribbean, in order to coordinate joint policies and development strategies of domain names at the regional level, represent the interests sets of their members from relevant agencies, promote the development of ccTLDs in the region, encouraging cooperation and exchange of experience among its members in all aspects necessary for the proper functioning of the ccTLDs and establish partnerships with organizations Similar to other world regions.

INTERNIC

InterNIC is a registered trademark and service of the Ministry of Commerce of the USA and licensed to IANA for management of public disputes related to domain name registration.

LACNIC

LACNIC is the organization for the Internet Address Registry for Latin America and the Caribbean. Its aim is the construction and articulation of collaborative efforts for Internet development and stability in Latin America and the Caribbean. While not directly related domains, it is the regional organization responsible for Internet resources like IP addresses and ASNs.

Study: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons.

Other Types Of Web Resources

The management of other types of resource depends on the software installed on the client host and their settings.

When the corresponding software is available, documents and pictures of all types are usually automatically presented in a way (windows, dialogs) depending on the browser software and operating the type. When the type of resource is not managed, it is usually possible to save a local file.

To manage the resources of various Web systems such as email, browsers usually involve separate software. If no software manages a resource type, a simple error message indicates.

Design

The Web was designed to be accessible with the computer equipment the most diverse workstation computer terminal in text mode, personal computer, PDA, etc. This universal access depends primarily on the universality of Internet protocols. Secondly, it depends on the flexibility of presentation of Web pages, offered by HTML. In addition, HTTP provides boaters the opportunity to negotiate the type of each resource. Finally, CSS can offer different presentations, selected for their consistency with the equipment used.

The W3C was created for that standard in order to allow the independence of tools used to create content with those who used to read it. This is called interoperability.

Web accessibility for individuals with disabilities is also the subject of special attention as the Web Accessibility Initiative.

Decentralization

Web technologies impose no organization between web pages, let alone between websites. Any Web page can contain hyperlinks to other resources available on the Internet. Establishing a link requires absolutely no action on the side of the resource pointed. There is no centralized registry of hyperlinks to pages or sites. The only register used is that the DNS is a distributed database that lists hosts and is useful for all Internet-based systems.

This decentralized design should encourage, and has promoted a rapid increase in the size of the Web. She also encouraged the development of sites specialize in information on other sites: directories and search engines. Without these sites looking for information on the Web would be extremely laborious. The opposite approach, the Web portal, means trying to concentrate as much information and services in one location.

A weakness of decentralization is the lack of monitoring when a resource is moved or deleted the links that the pointed end up broken. And this is visible in activating the hyperlink, where the most common result is the error message 404.

Technology

Pre-existing technology

The Web is based on Internet technologies, including TCP / IP to transfer data to convert the DNS host names to IP addresses and to indicate the MIME type of data. The standard character encoding and digital image formats GIF and JPEG have been developed independently.

Three technologies have been developed for the World Wide Web:

1. URLs in order to identify any resource in a hyperlink;
2. HTML to write web pages containing hyperlinks;
3. The HTTP communication protocol used between browsers and Web servers, which can specify the MIME type of resources transferred.

These technologies were first standardized as other Internet technologies: using the process of Request for Comments. This gave the RFC 1738 for the URL, RFC 1866 HTML 2.0 and RFC 1945 for HTTP/1.0.

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded in 1994 to develop and promote the new web standards. Its particular role is to ensure the universality of new technologies. Technologies have been developed by private companies.

Current Web Technology

Major current standards are:

• XML 1.0 developed to provide markup languages, including HTML, syntax simpler than SGML;
• HTML 4.01 based on SGML, and XHTML based on XML 1.0;
• RFC 2396 (Uniform Resource Identifiers), which includes the URL;
• RFC 2616 (HTTP/1.1);
• Stylesheets cascading CSS level 1 and level 2;
• The DOM document model level 1 and level 2;
• The JavaScript scripting language for manipulating documents;
• The digital image formats PNG, JPEG and GIF.

Server Technologies

In addition to the communication protocols and formats of data exchanged on the Web, several techniques to the Web are used to run Web servers. As these techniques do not leave the server, they are not standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium.

• The standard CGI (Common Gateway Interface) is a protocol for inter-process communication between the HTTP server and external applications.
• The programming language PHP (PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) was developed to generate web pages. It has strong integration with the HTTP and HTML.
• The engine ASP (Active Server Pages) has been developed by Microsoft to interpret the script language in IIS (Internet Information Services).

Study: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons.

Browsing the Web and Deep Web

Exploration recursive web based resource is well chosen the basic method programmed in the spiders from search engines. In 2004, the search engines index about 4 billion of resources.

The Deep Web or Invisible Web is that part of the web is not indexed and therefore not found with general search engines. Studies indicate that the invisible Web is more than 99% of the Web. The deep web includes the following resources:

• Resources inaccessible to the public, so the robots, including administrative pages or pay, protected by a password;
• Resources that are not provided by communication protocols supported by the robots (often they only support HTTP and HTTPS);
• Resources whose data format is not supported by the robot;
• The resources listed in a file exclusion of robots;
• Resources excluded by the robot because they are designed to take advantage of SEO (grunge);
• Resources excluded by the robot because they are deemed too inappropriate (eg if a site contains millions of resources that are not linked by any other site);
• Resources to which links are created dynamically in response to questions from visitors.

These last resources generally come from databases and are the most important part of the Deep Web.

Public Web Servers

The recursive exploration is not the only method used to index the Web and measure its size. The alternative is to measure the infrastructure connected to the Internet to host websites. Instead of following links, this method is to use the domain names registered in the Domain Name System and try to connect to all web servers potential. These include the method used by the company Netcraft, which regularly publishes the results of his explorations, which measures the popularity of HTTP servers. This measure focuses on the use of Web technologies as the Web itself. It helps to find such public sites that are not related to the World Wide Web.

Intranets And Private Web

A Web available on an intranet is private. It is totally separate from the Web, a Web source. It is a source where the intranet is connected to the Internet and a Web link points to a Web resource. Links from the Web, however, are impossible because by definition an intranet does not offer public access.

A source can also be found on the Internet. In this case, it is a virtual private web, because the public can not find the following links.

Web Archiving

The Web is constantly changing: the resources are constantly being created, modified and deleted. There are some initiatives Archives Web whose purpose is to help find that contained a site on a given date. The Internet Archive project is one of them.

Web Resource Types

The various types of Web resources have quite distinct uses:

• Resources constituting web pages: HTML, JPEG or PNG or GIF, JavaScript, CSS, sounds, animations;
• Resources accessible from a web page but consulted with a particular interface: streaming audio, streaming video;
• Resources designed to be viewed separately: documents (PDF, PostScript, Word, etc.) Text file, all types of images, music, video, files to back;
• Resources owned by systems distinct Web: Usenet, electronic mailboxes, local files.

HTML Documents

The HTML document is the main resource of a Web page that contains hyperlinks, which contains the text and structure, which provides links and multimedia resources. An HTML document contains only text: the text consulted the text in HTML more than any other scripting or style.

The presentation of HTML documents is the main feature of a Web browser. HTML browser leaves the task to exploit the best capabilities of the computer to display resources. Typically, the font, the long lines of text, colors, etc., must be adapted to the output device (monitor, printer, etc.).

Multimedia Elements

Multimedia elements still come from resources independent of the HTML document. HTML documents contain links that point to multimedia resources, which may be scattered across the Internet. Multimedia elements are linked automatically transferred to present a Web page.

Only use images and animations smaller is standardized. The support of audio, video, three-dimensional space or other multimedia elements is still based on standardized technologies. Many browsers offer the possibility of transplanting software (plug-in or plugin) to extend their functionality, including support for media types nonstandard.

Flows (audio, video) require a communication protocol operating at different HTTP. This is one reason why this type of resource often requires a plug-in and is poorly integrated into Web pages.

Images In Web Pages

This chapter deals with the images embedded in Web pages.

The use of JPEG data format is suitable for natural images, mainly photographs.

The use of data format PNG is suitable for synthetic images (logos, graphics). It is also suitable for natural images, but only when quality is more fully on the transfer time.

The use of GIF data format is suitable for small animations. For synthetic images, the former popularity of the GIF is often preferred to PNG. However, GIF suffers from some disadvantages, including limiting the number of colors and degrees of compression generally lower. Further controversy has surrounded the use of GIF from 1994 to 2004 because Unisys has asserted a patent covering the method of compression.

Scripts

A scripting language allows writing the text of a program run directly by software. Through the Web, a script is executed by a Web browser program and actions responding to the use that the visitor makes the Web page being viewed. A script can be integrated into the HTML document or from a linked resource. The first scripting language JavaScript Web was developed by Netscape. Then Microsoft developed a competing variant known as JScript. Finally, the ECMAScript standard has been proposed for the syntax, and DOM standards for interfacing with the documents.

Styles

The CSS language was developed to manage the detailed presentation of HTML documents. The CSS language text can be integrated into the HTML document or from resources linked style sheets. This separation allows separate management of information (contained in HTML documents) and presentation (contained in Cascading Style Sheets). It also speaks of “separation of content and form.”

Continued…

World Wide Web

The World Wide Web, the literally “web (spider) World”, commonly called the Web, sometimes the Web or WWW is a hypertext system operating on public Internet that provides access with a browser, the pages being online sites. The image of the spider has hyperlinks that link web pages between them.

The Web is an Internet application. Other Internet applications are email, instant messaging, Usenet, etc. The Web was invented several years after the Internet, but it was he who made the mainstream media attention to the Internet. Since the Web is often confused with the Internet in particular, the word Web is often used in non-technical texts without clearly expressed that he indicates the Web or Internet.

Terms designating the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is and has been designated by many names and abbreviations synonyms: WorldWideWeb, World Wide Web, World-Wide Web, Web, WWW, W3, World Wide Web, Web World Wide Web.

The name of the original project was WorldWideWeb. The words were quickly separated by World Wide Web to improve readability. The name World-Wide Web has also been used by the inventors of the Web, but the name now advocated by the World Wide Web Consortium separates the three words without a hyphen. While “global” can be written world-wide or worldwide in English, spelling World Wide Web and abbreviation Web are now well established.

By inventing the Web, Tim Berners-Lee had also thought of other names, such as Information Mesh (mesh information), Mine of Information and The Information Mine (the Mine Of Information, whose acronym is Tim).

The acronym WWW has been widely used to shorten World Wide Web before the Web abbreviation takes precedence. Pronunciation laborious (in French and English) WWW probably precipitated its decline. WWW is often pronounced three ‘W’ or triple “W”.

The letters www remain, however, widely used in web addresses and some other uses formal or technical, though it does respond to any technical constraint. WWW is sometimes abbreviated as W3, abbreviation found in the acronym W3C World Wide Web Consortium.

Web 2.0

The term “Web 2.0″ was used from 2004. Its use has been massive and acknowledged around 2007. In principle, the term designates a certain evolution of the use of Web sites has become more interactive. The term was quickly re-used for marketing purposes, so that some computer scientists come to see that this expression does not exist other than marketing.

Since then, the term has been declined, first by adding “2.0″ to any concept to mean “based on Web 2.0 (e.g., Marketing 2.0). Similarly, to describe the evolution of the Web, many version numbers have been proposed (refer to Web 1.0, by contrast, started the Web) - some attempt to establish a consistent terminology, others parody.

Terms related to the Web

The terminology of the Web contains dozens of terms. This part outlines those used in this article.

The term online means connected to a network, namely the Internet computer network. This expression is not unique to the Web, is found about the phone.

A host is a computer online. Each Internet host is identified by an IP address that correspond zero, one or more host names. This terminology is not unique to the Web, but Internet.

A resource on the World Wide Web is a computer entity (text, image, Usenet, mailbox, etc.) regardless of other available resources. A public-access resource is freely accessible from the Internet. A local resource is present on the computer, as opposed to a remote resource (or online), available through a network.

We can access a remote resource that keeping a communication protocol. The functionality of each protocol varies: receiving, sending or continuing information exchange.

HTTP (short for HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the communication protocol commonly used to transfer Web resources. HTTPS is the secure variant of this protocol.

A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) points to a resource. It is a string to indicate a communication protocol and location for any Web resource.

A hyperlink (or link) is an element in a resource associated with a URL. The Web links are directed: they can go from one source to a destination. Only the resource source contains data defining the hyperlink, the destination resource is still no trace. There are two types of link: the first type must be enabled to access the destination and those of the second cause automatic access to the destination.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a computer language for describing the contents of a document (headings, paragraphs, layout of images, etc.) And include hyperlinks. An HTML document is a document described in HTML. HTML documents are the resources most visited Web. HTML is now replaced by XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language).

In a communication mode client-server, a server is a host that runs server software which can connect client software running on client hosts.

A Web server is a host that runs an HTTP server (or web server). A Web server hosts the resources that it serves.

A Web browser is an HTTP client software designed to access Web resources. Its basic function is to provide access to the HTML documents available on the HTTP server. Support for other types of resource and other communication protocols depends on the browser in question.

A Web page (or page) is a document intended to be viewed with a Web browser. A Web page is still divided into a central resource (usually an HTML document) and any related resources accessed automatically (typically images).

An HTML editor (or publisher Web) is a software designed to facilitate the writing of HTML documents and Web pages in general.

A website (or Web) is a set of web pages and any other resources, linked in a coherent structure, published by an owner (a business, government, association, individual, etc.) and hosted on a single or more web servers.

Visit a Web site means consult its pages. The term visit is that they usually consult several pages of a site visit as parts of a building. The visit is conducted by a user (or visitor or user). The audience measurement is obtained by copying the JavaScript code to link to the site of a specialist service provider using the technique of marker distance.

A web address is a URL of a Web page, usually written in a simplified form limited to a host name. A website address is actually the address of a site page provided to accommodate visitors.

A Web host is a computer hosting services (bringing online) on its web servers with resources constituting the websites of its customers.

An agency is a Web services company making websites for its customers.

The term surfing the Web means “consult the Web. It was coined to emphasize the fact that the site visit is to follow numerous links from page to page. It is mainly used by the media, so it is not exactly the technical vocabulary.

A web directory is a website that lists Web sites.

A web portal is a website trying to gather the widest range of information and services available on a website. Some are thematic portals.

A Web service is a client-server technology based on Web protocols.

Continued…

Examples of “business” that are made of domains are:

Staying ahead in the registry

A new company is in growth period probably has no self-control but may in the future will want to have. Some people are ahead and buy that domain when the company is little known even to try to sell more expensive then.

The same can happen with a company already famous: Because there are so many types of TLDs (see list), is unlikely to have purchased your name at all. Someone can buy one of those who have and do not use or attempt to resell them.

This can happen also with names of famous people and why there are people who recorded his name “just in case” they need in the future, thereby participating in the business domains.

ICANN already has a dispute resolution process for these cases, called UDRP. This is a matter of policy made to avoid recourse to legal procedure, much slower and more expensive.

Names like:

Many people mistakenly typing a domain into the address bar of your browser, and receive an error Unable to find the server. There are companies that register these domains to take your page to those who made a mistake when typing, which can be many if the original page is famous.

The contents that may have the new page can be “just” advertising but also competing products. Many other times only registered the domain to prevent others from doing so before, but not to put a web page, so that leaves in WhoIs but have no web server.

An example: as of January 2006, the following variations are registered microsoft.com (source: WhoIs):

• 9 resulting remove one of the letters
• Double the 9 resulting from a letter
• 8 resulting exchange two adjacent letters
• and many others (changing one letter with another near the keyboard, triple points, add random letters in between, etc.).

And this is only in the .com. Of these domains, few have recorded the original owners: Mircrosoft, microsof, Mircosoft, microosft, Miicrosoft, miccrosoft, micrrosoft, microosoft, microsofft. This greatly increases the annual cost to be present on the Internet and not all companies can afford.

It’s like Google (google.com) because his name is written in many different ways in English is pronounced the same. In can see a list of common errors. Google does not own all these names in each domain (. com, .ru, .of, etc.), but on occasion has been the domain registrar who decided that a name was too similar to Google. Source: ZDNet.com.au.

Some famous with difficult names, like Arnold Schwarzenegger, have registered multiple domains so that visitors can come to your page even when misspelled his surname.

There have been many famous cases ‘ciberokupación’ (which is how you call this in the media), e.g., a person registered thousands of domains with typographical errors that redirected to the public (mainly children) to pornography sites that gave benefits.

When a person registers a domain, makes for a period of time (measured in years). When this period is almost over, it’s the owner concerned to renew the domain, or activate any auto-renewal option, if available at your registrar.

There have been cases where major companies have forgotten to renew the domain, and then another person has used to register the same domain recently released.

The more important is the domain, more people will be trying to “hijack” and that has motivated the creation and automatic mechanisms for recording waiting lists in the domain is free (pre-registration). There are record companies who are dedicated only to this. This is an unreliable mechanism, as several registrars may have their own lists (no official), and only one of the applicants will get the domain. It is considered a scam.

Other businesses are doing business using a core domain name. For example, someone invents an attractive name and “commercial” (in short, that sounds good, easy to remember, etc.) registered that domain, and begins to invent a fictional context and history about this new enterprise: characteristics, priorities, objectives, design, etc. Then put the domain up for sale or auction (e.g., on eBay).

Sometimes rumors are created outside on growth potential of this new company to raise its value (see speculation). But there are some quick creative project without intention of defrauding companies, for example, created from scratch http://24hdc.com/ the foundations of a company and managed to sell it, all within 24 hours.

The business of fraud

It is noteworthy that all the businesses that border fraud or illegality are always profitable for some businesses: the registrars. In all previous cases win. For example:

• People who register domain “just in case” they need in the future.
• Companies that have to buy many typographical variations of its name.
• Many cyber-squatters are willing to buy new domains before the rest.
• Hiring companies that have special services for your domains are not jeopardized.
• Cyber-squatters willing to pay for pre-registration services and enabling them to have a choice of a domain hijack.

Also, when a new domain becomes available (e.g., for a new country), all companies wishing to be present in this new ending will compete to register the domain “valuable” than the competition, giving a further domain name registrations .

ICANN seeks to avoid this by restricting access to certain domains, for example .Cat (adopted in September 2005) is reserved for sites that talk about Catalan culture.

Scams on the issue of domain registration are not uncommon. We can find some tips to avoid them.

Like the first nivel .com.net domains,  dot Org and  dot info are those who have less “control” over its content, the idea originally era.com for commercial sites, .Net for sites that offer value added services or related to the Internet or computer .org for nonprofit organizations, .info for those websites that its main function was to inform. This administration has been lost since there is no control over content.

In the domain registrar about sex, phishing, piracy, drugs and illegal material that responsibility rests not only on the registrars to give each. ICANN is who makes these security measures, if previously shown that this is an abuse. It is also creating new TLDs to control the content of the pages with content in a more restrictive, for example, the new domain is still awaiting approval for .xxx for adult content.

Study: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons.

Typical Domain Registration Process

Domain registration relates to the process through which a webmaster begins to possess control over the website name in return for spending some money to a domain registrar. The process is usually as mentioned below:

1. Process:

1. Select a new domain name.

2. Check if that particular domain can be acquired

3. Provide the required personal information.

4. Select the actual amount of period the particular domain will continue to be registered for you.

5. Register the domain, typically through credit card payment (or also through bank transfer)

2. Once obtained, the new owner of the domain (registrant) must set up a URL to which it should be redirected, IP of the server to resolve through DNS, DNS server used, etc.

3. The domain owner must wait a while for the domain is recognized by all Internet servers. For the .com and .net, delay is between 4 and 8 hours, and for others it is usually between 24 and 48 hours. In this period:
1. InterNIC Registrar contact and makes the process transparent to the registrant.
2. It notifies the registrant that the domain was registered.

4. The new domain works, and the appropriate IP addresses in the DNS server used, but not the rest of the world’s DNS servers. Gradually, the change will propagate to other servers (DNS propagation). As each update is different times and different cache parameters, it takes several hours (it is difficult to predict how many) until all DNS servers in the world knows how to make the resolution of the domain.

5. The site is now accessible through a domain name from any computer.

Standards

Each registrar has specific rules about what is right and what is on issues such as character encoding allowed. See previous article for more details.

A prerequisite for registering a domain is to give truthful information about the registrant name, address (physical and electronic) and telephone contact. These data are important to connect with the head of a domain if there are any problems, for example spam from that direction. All this information can be found with WhoIs program (which is in most operating systems).

Some registrars offer “tricks” legal to show who do not want your personal information. As prohibits ICANN registrar who is himself put your data there, some hire a company proxy (intermediate) used to make representative only. This makes it very difficult to contact the owner in case of technical problems (although in reality most common users are never to WhoIs, but rather expert users, so that eventually is used to avoid legal problems, since it is much more complex to obtain real information if it conceals itself in WhoIs).

NOTICE

The one ICANN assumes an ethical responsibility to the buyers of the domains registered.

There are hundreds of registrars to register domains on the internet but very few are actually approved these accredited registrars do not mere functions of intermediaries, many of them despite having no direct authorization act legally and effectively, however it must be remember facing potential claims that not all operate within this business morality they are not subject to any written contract with ICANN.

The list of registrars approved by ICANN can be viewed at: Accredited by ICANN

Data necessary to register a domain name

The data needed to register a domain are:

- Official Domain Registrar: Company registered in ICANN’s official register which is responsible for preserving the data records.

- Domain Owner: The person or entity listed as owner and rightful owner of the registration period.

- Administrative contact: person or entity designated by the owner listed as the administrator of the domain data for the owner.

- Technical Contact: person or entity that is responsible for the maintenance of the domain’s DNS numbers for correct operation and liaison in the network.

- Billing Contact: person or entity in charge of making the payment by the corresponding domain renewals.

- DNS (Domain Name Servers) (Domain Name Server): These numbers (minimum 2) contained in the registration of domains and show the IP addresses of servers that will handle requests to the domain and redirect them where appropriate based on the nature of each request.

Abuse

The domains are registered according to their availability without checking if it is related to the name you are purchasing or may arise a conflict of law trademark rights. This has led many companies to get engaged in buying names with potential value and then resell them.

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